@article {1253671,
	title = {Disparities in Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Rural South Africa: Data From the HAALSI Study (Health and Aging in Africa: Longitudinal Studies of International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health Communities)},
	journal = {Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes},
	volume = {10},
	number = {11},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Nov},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Optimal secondary prevention is critical for the reduction of repeated cardiovascular events, and the control of cardiovascular risk factors in this context is essential. Data on secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in sub-Saharan Africa are needed to inform intervention strategies with a particular focus on local disparities. The aim of this study was to assess CVD management in a rural community in northeast South Africa.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We recruited adults aged >=40 years residing in the Agincourt subdistrict of Mpumalanga province. Data collection included socioeconomic and clinical data, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, human immunodeficiency virus status, and point-of-care glucose and lipid levels. CVD was defined as self-report of myocardial infarction and stroke or angina diagnosed by Rose Criteria. A linear regression model was built to identify variables independently associated with the number of cardiovascular risk factors controlled. Of 5059 subjects, 592 (11.7\%) met CVD diagnostic criteria. Angina was reported in 77.0\% of these subjects, stroke in 25.2\%, and myocardial infarction in 3.7\%. Percent controlled of the 5 individual risk factors assessed were as follows: tobacco 92.9\%; blood pressure 51.2\%; body mass index 33.8\%; low-density lipoprotein 31.4\%; and waist-to-hip ratio 29.7\%. Only 4.4\% had all 5 risk factors controlled and 42.4\% had >=3 risk factors controlled. Male sex (β coefficient=0.44; 95\% confidence interval, 0.25-0.63; P,
	issn = {1941-7705},
	doi = {10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004094},
	author = {Jardim, Thiago Veiga and Reiger, Sheridan and Abrahams-Gessel, Shafika and Crowther, Nigel J and Wade, Alisha and G{\'o}mez-Oliv{\'e}, F Xavier and Salomon, Joshua and Tollman, Stephen and Gaziano, Thomas A}
}
