@article {1374917,
	title = {Cognitive Function and Impairment in Older, Rural South African Adults: Evidence from "Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in Rural South Africa"},
	journal = {Neuroepidemiology},
	volume = {52},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2018 Nov 26},
	pages = {32-40},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment, and the sociodemographic and comorbid predictors of cognitive function among older, rural South African adults. METHODS: Data were from a population-based study of 5,059 adults aged >=40 years in rural South Africa in 2015. Cognitive impairment was defined as scoring <=1.5 SDs below the mean composite time orientation and memory score, or requiring a proxy interview with "fair" or "poor" proxy-reported memory. Multiple linear regression estimated the sociodemographic and comorbid predictors of cognitive score, with multiplicative statistical interactions between each of age and sex with education. RESULTS: Cognitive impairment increased with age, from 2\% of those aged 40-44 (11/516) to 24\% of those aged >=75 years (214/899). The independent predictors of lower cognitive score were being older, female, unmarried, not working, having low education, low household wealth, and a history of cardiovascular conditions. Education modified the negative associations between female sex, older age, and cognitive function score. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cognitive impairment increased with age and is comparable to rates of dementia reported in other sub-Saharan African countries. Age and sex differences in cognitive function scores were minimized as education increased, potentially reflecting the power of even poor-quality education to improve cognitive reserve.},
	issn = {1423-0208},
	doi = {10.1159/000493483},
	url = {https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/493483},
	author = {Kobayashi, Lindsay C and Mateen, Farrah J and Montana, Livia and Wagner, Ryan G and Kahn, Kathleen and Tollman, Stephen M and Berkman, Lisa F}
}
