@article {ijerph16081413,
	title = {High Sedentary Behavior Is Associated with Depression among Rural South Africans},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	volume = {16},
	number = {8},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {The study aimed to investigate the association between sedentary behavior and depression among rural South Africans. Data were analyzed from the cross-sectional baseline survey of the \&ldquo;Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH community in South Africa (HAALSI)\&rdquo;. Participants responded to various measures, including sociodemographic information, health status, anthropometric measures, and sedentary behavior. The sample included 4782 persons (40 years and above). Overall, participants engaged in \&lt;4 h (55.9\%), 4\&ndash;\&lt;8 h (34.1\%), 8\&ndash;\&lt;11 h (6.4\%), or 11 or more h a day (3.5\%) of sedentary behavior, and 17.0\% screened positive for depression. In multivariable logistic regression, which was adjusted for sociodemographic variables (Model 1) (Odds Ratio, or OR: 2.45, Confidence Interval, or CI: 1.74, 3.46) and adjusted for sociodemographic and health variables, including physical activity (Model 2) (OR: 3.00, CI: 2.00, 4.51), high sedentary time (\&ge;11 h) was independently associated with depression. In combined analysis, compared to persons with low or moderate sedentary behavior (\&lt;8 h) and moderate or high physical activity, persons with high sedentary behavior (\&ge;8 h) and low physical activity were more likely to have depression in Model 1 (OR: 1.60, CI: 1.65, 3.13) and Model 2 (OR: 1.60, CI: 1.05, 2.44). Findings support that sedentary behavior and combined sedentary behavior and low physical activity may be a modifiable target factor for strategies to reduce depression symptoms in this rural population in South Africa.},
	issn = {1660-4601},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph16081413},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1413},
	author = {Pengpid, Supa and Peltzer, Karl}
}
